In previous posts, we discussed the general definition of occupational diseases. Now, we will focus on the most common diseases classified as occupational illnesses.
In the Czech Republic, the five most common occupational diseases over the last 10 years (from 2010 to 2020) include carpal tunnel syndrome, contact allergic eczema, scabies, asthma, and pneumoconiosis (respiratory diseases). In certain cases, COVID-19 can also be considered an occupational disease, particularly relevant in 2020.
Allergic Eczema as an Occupational Disease
Contact allergic eczema is the only type of eczema triggered by an allergic reaction. It is caused by contact allergens, known as haptens. It involves an adverse skin reaction in the employee when coming into contact with an undesirable foreign substance, which may lead to an occupational disease (especially following repeated exposure).
The most common contact allergens include: metals (chromium, nickel, cobalt), fragrances, preservatives (formaldehyde and its releasers, parabens), emulsifiers (lanolin), dyes (paraphenylenediamine), medications (neomycin), rubber components, epoxides, and others.
Due to insufficient skin barrier function, individuals suffering from atopic eczema, as well as those with thin, sensitive, or chronically damaged skin, are more prone to this disease. Professions at risk include chefs, hairdressers, caretakers, and cleaners—basically all professions that involve prolonged exposure to skin-drying influences through contact with work equipment.
Asthma as an Occupational Disease
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. Its development can be influenced by various factors, including the inhalation and impact of foreign particles through the respiratory system. An allergic reaction can follow, potentially leading to the blockage of airways with mucus produced by the body. When the disease is caused by the performance of specific types of work, it may be classified as an occupational disease. Asthma arises from adverse environments and working conditions.
The most common causes of this disease are chemicals, long-term exposure to chemicals such as fumes from dyes, solvents, pesticides, and industrial chemicals.
Scabies as an Occupational Disease
This disease is caused by a microscopic parasite called the scabies mite. It is typically associated with poor hygiene conditions and overcrowded environments. Scabies is often recognized as an occupational disease because individuals who come into contact with infected persons are at a higher risk of contracting it. It occurs particularly in shelters, hostels, and camps, but healthcare workers, paramedics, and prison employees are the most affected by this disease.
Scabies can be identified by intense itching, abrasions, bumps, and various spots on the skin. It is transmitted through direct skin contact between individuals or via contaminated objects. The parasite can survive on surfaces like bedding, clothing, or towels for up to 48 hours and is most commonly spread in overcrowded spaces.
Pneumoconiosis
Pneumoconiosis is a serious lung disease caused by the inhalation of various harmful dusts and particles present in the work environment. This disease affects workers in industries where they are exposed to prolonged contact with these hazardous substances.
The disease is caused by the inhalation of dust particles that accumulate in the lungs, leading to chronic inflammation and scarring. The most common causes of pneumoconiosis include silica dust, which workers in mining, quarries, and construction sites are exposed to.
Conclusion
Professions that are exposed to the above-mentioned harmful factors for long periods should exercise heightened caution in adhering to all protective measures. Occupational diseases are a serious issue that requires attention and effort from all parties involved, including employers, occupational health and safety experts, and the workers themselves. Only through prevention, education, regular risk assessments, health checkups, and the implementation of appropriate measures can the risk of occupational diseases be minimized and a healthy and safe working environment ensured.
Are you dealing with any of these occupational diseases? Don’t hesitate to contact us. We will be happy to assist you in claiming compensation for occupational diseases, just as we do for work injury compensation.
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